ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KUALITAS AIR DI PERAIRAN DANAU TONDANO
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pengelolaan kualitas air Danau Tondano berdasarkan hasil pengambilan sampel parameter-parameter kualitas air dan pemodelan AVSWAT 2000, WASP. Wilayah lahan DAS Danau Tondano memiliki potensi tinggi penghasil bahan pencemar masuk ke perairan danau. Lahan DAS hulu, Das Kanan, DAS kiri secara berurut memiliki rerata potensi pencemaran: kadar organik N sebesar 0,038 kg/Ha/hari,0,025 kg/Ha/hari, 0,057 kg/Ha/hari, nilai organik P sebesar 0,005 kg/Ha/hari, 0,003 kg/Ha/hari, 0,004 kg/Ha/hari, nilai NO3 sebesar 0,002 kg/Ha/hari, 0,001 kg/Ha/hari, 0,051 kg/Ha/hari. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kondisi kesuburan Danau Tondano berada pada level eutrofik, dimana inflow polutan tertampung di perairan danau Tondano khususnya untuk parameter Total N dan Total P adalah sebesar 0,03 kg/m2/tahun dan 0,003 kg/m2/tahun dimana telah mencapai level eutrofik berturut-turut untuk Total N dan Total P yaitu sebesar 0,0625 kg/m2/tahun dan 0,0033 kg/m2/tahun. Penyimpangan hasil simulasi AVSWAT 2000, terhadap debit pemodelan dan lapangan, nilai R2 = 0.9303, level signifikan ≤ 10. Hasil penelitian ini mengusulkan upaya penanganan, yaitu penanganan di DAS: Penataan kawasan DAS dan menghambat laju transpor polutan sungai menuju Danau Tondano dengan menempatkan cek dam di sungai-sungai bagian hulu Danau Tondano, perlindungan lereng dengan membuat talud-talud untuk lahan-lahan yang memiliki kelerengan yang besar, bertujuan untuk menghambat laju erosi lahan, dan pembangunan wetland sebagai bangunan pemurnian air sebelum masuk ke Danau Tondano. Sedangkan untuk penanganan di perairan terdiri dari penertiban KJA, pengadaan pipa apung sebagai pembatas penyebaran eceng gondok pada Danau Tondano, serta pengadaan tanaman air sepanjang pinggir Danau Tondano.
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Kata Kunci: Daya tampung beban pencemar , mesotrofik, eutrofik, kesuburan danau, debit pemodelan
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ABSTRACT: This study reviews the Tondano lake water quality management based on the results of sampling of water quality parameters and modeling AVSWAT 2000, WASP. Lake Tondano watershed has a high potential for producing pollutants enter the lake. Upstream, right, and left watershed average sequentially potential contamination of: the organic N content of from 0,038 kg/ha /day, 0,025 kg/ ha/ day, 0,057 kg/ha/day, organic P value of 0,005 kg/ha/day,0,003 kg/ha/day, 0,004 kg/ha /day, NO3 value of from 0,002 kg/ha/day, 0,001 kg/ha/day, 0,051 kg/ha/day. The results of this study show that the fertility conditions Tondano lake level eutrophic, where the inflow of pollutants from land upstream accomodated in aquatic of Lake Tondano, especially in Total N and Total P parameters is 0,03 kg/m2/year and 0,003 kg/m2/year, where have reach  the eutrophic level of both Total N and Total P respectively at values of 0,0625 kg/m2/year and 0,0033 kg/m2/year. Deviations simulation results of AVSWAT 2000 discharge model due to field discharge, the value of R2 = 0.9303, a significant level ≤10. The results of this study suggest treatment effort; Structuring the watershed  and and inhibits the rate of transport of pollutants rivers toward Lake Tondano  by placing checkdams in the rivers upstream side of the lake, slope protection by making retaining walls  for lands that have a large slope, aiming to inhibit the rate of soil erosion, and wetland construction as the building water purification before entering into Lake Tondano.  As for handling in the waters, consist of curbing KJA (Floating Fish Cage) , building floating pipes as for limiting the spread of water hyacinth on the lake, as well as the provision of water plants along the edge of Lake Tondano .Â
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Keywords: Pollutant load capacity, mesotrophic, eutrophic, fertility, discarge modelling
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Copyright (c) 2017 Johan Peter Rares, Moh. Sholichin, Emma Yuliani

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